In our recent fact-checking productions, widespread rumors highlight various factors as sources of mental disorders. In this section dedicated to an in-depth analysis of this pathology, some specialists provide substantial evidence to better understand mental illness.
The Concept of Mental Illness
Mental illnesses are disturbances in health caused by mental pathologies. These mental disorders result from a complex interaction between genetic, biological, personality, and environmental factors. Biologically, they are classified as “physical suffering” and considered a “dysfunction of the organism” in other areas, such as physical, social, psychological, and mental health. Mental illnesses are characterized by alterations in thought, mood, and behavior, associated with a state of distress.
Several types of mental illnesses exist, but the most common are:
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Anxiety Disorders
• Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Mood Disorders, including Depression
• Psychotic Disorders
Causes of Mental Disorders
Mental illnesses have biological, psychological, and social origins. Mental disorders are linked to imbalances in brain chemistry and thought processes, which can be triggered by life events and difficulties. Genetically, one does not inherit a mental illness but may have a predisposition to develop one.
According to Nathalie Agnès Koutou, a specialized nurse and major at the Bangui Psychiatric Center, “Research has shown that mental illnesses are caused by an interaction between biogenetic factors leading to disruptions in the brain, which subsequently affect the nervous system.” She also noted, with some amendments and suggestions for improving the center, which is the only one in the Central African Republic: “There is a severe shortage of qualified staff and difficulties in patient care.”
Preventive Measures
To prevent mental disorders, it is important to:
• Maintain good mental hygiene
• Get adequate rest
• Plan one’s time effectively (including activity and rest hours)
• Avoid psychoactive substances (drugs, tobacco, alcohol, etc.)
It is important to note that mental disorders affect a person’s mind, where their brain is impacted by physical diseases affecting the body. Due to the multiple crises experienced by the Central African Republic, the rate of mental disorders is high, according to specialists at the psychiatric center. Treatment for mental disorders varies based on the specific case of each patient; however, with community support, patients can often achieve recovery quickly, as reported by the specialist.
By Marie-Paule Vopiade / Romaric Gbomandji / AFC
This article is produced under the AFC-Internews partnership funded by USAID. However, the content is the responsibility of AFC.
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